Megathrust Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Tides, and Whales: A Multidisciplinary Deep Time Endeavor

Poster Image
Megathrust Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Tides, and Whales: A Multidisciplinary Deep Time Endeavor Poster
Poster Session
B
Poster Number
10
Project Author(s)
Jack Davis, Gabbard Herring
Institution
Southwestern Oregon Community College
Project Description

On the outskirts of Coos Bay Oregon sits the aptly named Fossil Point locality. Records of marine mammal fossils and copious marine invertebrates date back to the late 1800s, with the name “Fossil Point” appearing on maps from the 1890s. The same maps also note the presence of three distinct geologic units exposed in the narrow band of coastline. Capping the wave-cut terrace is poorly consolidated beach gravel. As the Oregon coast is uplifting a well-established series of marine terraces exists along the south coast, with previous authors proposing this marine terrace dates from roughly 100-150ka. Rate of uplift must also be normalized against rising sea level and high wave events such as King Tides. Underlying this and forming the current wave-cut platform exposed at low tides is the Empire Formation. Broken into two units, the Empire Fm proper and the Coos Conglomerate, only exposed at Fossil Point, both producing vertebrate and invertebrate fossils forming the basis of previous geochronology. Despite the long history of collection very limited published material exists and no detailed work on stratigraphic relationships, age, or depositional environment exists. We are reexamining existing unpublished fossils from all three units, newly discovered material from the Coos Conglomerate and Empire, as well as pursuing a more detailed look at the geologic units themselves to better reconstruct the timing and setting for the Empire, Coos Conglomerate, and Quaternary units and their relationship to the uplifting coast and rising sea levels. The Empire includes several complete cetacean skulls and associated postcrania, a walrus, a basking shark, crabs, clams and scallops, gastropods, brachiopods and sand dollars. We have also discovered that Coos Conglomerate unit is not in fact part of the Empire Formation. The Coos Conglomerate is deeply incised into the Empire and includes concretions from the Empire reworked into the unit that are up to 2m in length indicating an unconformable relationship between the two. Using updated biostratigraphy as well as new paleomagnetic work, we retain the assignment of the Empire to the latest Miocene, but suggest the Coos Conglomerate is Pliocene to even early Pleistocene in age and likely represents a tsunami deposit from a proximal Cascadia megathrust earthquake event. In the Coos Conglomerate I propose that both a newly discovered whale specimen and the previously published basking shark are contained in concretions from the Empire formation, and thus the previous older age assignment, whereas the gastropods and new urchin from the Coos Conglomerate represent a better biostratigraphic and paleoecological indicator for the newly proposed separate formation of a younger age and difference in deposition.

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